What is Foreign Interference? 

Foreign Interference refers to activities conducted by foreign actors — such as foreign governments and organisations — that interfere in the politics and policies of the target country, in order to advance the foreign actor’s own interests.

Foreign interference is not new and many countries engage in it. It is prevalent today because social media facilitates it.

Foreign interference is typically carried out through deceptive means. This includes the use of:

  • Disinformation, which is the deliberate dissemination of fabricated or falsified content that aims to mislead and deceive.
  • Local proxies who seek to influence the opinions and attitudes of the public.

Commercial actors around the world — media, marketing, and PR companies — have offered influence operations services, making information manipulation accessible to parties without the capabilities.

For instance, Meta identified and removed Facebook accounts run by Israeli PR firm Archimedes Group, which ran campaigns on behalf of clients in Africa (e.g., Nigeria, Senegal, Togo), and with “some activity in Latin America and Southeast Asia”.

There is also an active disinformation-for-hire industry, such as one by Andreas Sepulveda in Latin America, whose methods included hacking, smear campaigns, disinformation, and subversion.

Foreign interference activities are illegal. They may be dealt with under various legal levers such as the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act, Broadcasting Act, Computer Misuse Act, and the Internal Security Act.



Why Are Countries Concerned?

Foreign interference can undermine the decision-making autonomy of a country, trust in its leadership, and the cohesiveness and unity of its people.

Here are some examples that have been reported in the mainstream media.